Peer-Reviewed Publications

The following list contains the formal publications by Bryan A. Baum of the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. For most of the articles, a PDF version is available. The list will be updated periodically as new research becomes documented and begins to move through the publication process.

2009

Published:

Zhang, Z., P. Yang, G. W. Kattawar, J. Riedi, L. C-Labonnote, B. A. Baum, S. Platnick, and H. L. Huang, 2009: Influence of ice particle model on satellite ice cloud retrieval: lessons learned from MODIS and POLDER cloud product comparison. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7115-7129. View

Hong, G., P. Yang, B. A. Baum, A. J. Heymsfield, F. Weng, Q. Liu, G. Heygster, and S. A. Buehler, 2009: Scattering database in the millimeter and submillimeter wave range of 100-1000 GHz for nonspherical ice particles. J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 114, D06201, doi:10.1029/2008JD010451. View

Garrett, K. J., P. Yang, S. L. Nasiri, C. R. Yost, and B. A. Baum, 2009: Influence of cloud top height and geometric thickness on MODIS infrared-based cirrus cloud retrieval. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., 48, 818-832. View

Ding, S. Y. Xie, P. Yang, F. Weng, Q. Liu, B. A. Baum, and Y.-X. Hu, 2009: Estimates of radiation over clouds and dust aerosols: optimized number of terms in phase function expansion. J. Quant. Spectros. Rad. Transfer, 110(2009)1190–1198. View

Ham, S. H., B. J. Sohn, P. Yang, and B. A. Baum, 2009: Assessment of the quality of MODIS cloud products from radiance simulations. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., 48, 1591-1612. View

In press:

Hu, Y.-X., D. Winker, M. Vaughan, B. Lin, A. Omar, C. Trepte, D. Flittner, P. Yang, S. L. Nasiri, W. Sun, Z. Liu, Z. Wang, S. Young, K. Stamnes, J. Huang, R. Kuehn, B. A. Baum, and R. E. Holz: CALIPSO/CALIOP cloud phase discrimination algorithm. In press, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.

Bi, L., P. Yang, G. Kattawar, B. A. Baum, Y.-X. Hu, D. M. Winker, R. S. Brock, and J. Q. Lu: Simulation of the color ratio associated with the backscattering of radiation by ice crystals at 0.532 and 1.064-μm wavelengths. In press, J. Geophys. Res.

Heidinger, A. K., M. J. Pavolonis, R. E. Holz, B. A. Baum, and S. Berthier: A comparison of the sensitivity to cloud pressure offered by the NPOESS/VIIRS and GOES-R/ABI Infrared observations for cirrus cloud remote sensing. In press, J. Geophys. Res.

Hong, G., P. Yang, B. A. Baum, A. J. Heymsfield, and K-M. Xu: Parameterization of shortwave and longwave radiative properties of ice clouds for use in climate models. In press, J. Clim.

Submitted:

Hong, G., P. Yang, A. K. Heidinger, M. J. Pavolonis, B. A. Baum, and S. E. Platnick: Detecting opaque and non-opaque Tropical upper-tropospheric ice clouds; A trispectral technique based on MODIS 8-12 micron window bands. Submitted to J. Geophys. Res.

Wind, G., S. Platnick, M. D. King, P. A. Hubanks, M. J. Pavolonis, A. K. Heidinger, P. Yang, and B. A. Baum: Multilayer cloud detection with the MODIS near-infrared water vapor absorption band. Submitted to J. Appl. Meteor. Clim.

Kindel, B. C., K. S. Schmidt, P. Pilewskie, B. A. Baum, P. Yang, and S. Platnick: Observations and modeling of cirrus shortwave spectral albedo during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment. Submitted to J. Geophys. Res., special TC4 issue.

Li, Y., G. R. North, P. Yang, and B. A. Baum: Exploration of the MODIS cloud-top products for the investigation of equatorial wave systems. Submitted to J. Appl. Meteor. Clim.

In preparation:

Baum, B. A., P. Yang, and Y. X. Hu: The impact of ice particle roughness on the scattering phase matrix. Slowly getting there...

2008

Holz, R. E., S. A. Ackerman, F. W. Nagle, R. Frey, S. Dutcher, R. E. Kuehn, M. Vaughan, and B. A. Baum: Global MODIS cloud detection and height evaluation using CALIOP. J. Geophys. Res. ., 113, D00A19, doi:10.1029/2008JD009837. View

Berthier, S., P. Chazette, J. Pelon, and B. A. Baum, 2008: Comparison of cloud statistics from spaceborne lidar systems. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6965-6977. View

Menzel, W. P., R. Frey, H. Zhang, D. Wylie, C. Moeller, R. Holz, B. Maddux, B. A. Baum, K. Strabala, and L. Gumley, 2008: MODIS global cloud-top pressure and amount estimation: algorithm description and results. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., 47, 1175-1198. View

Yang, P., Z. Zhang, G. W. Kattawar, S. G. Warren, B. A. Baum, H.-L. Huang, Y.-X. Hu, D. Winker, and J. Iaquinta, 2008: Effect of cavities on the optical properties of bullet rosettes: Implications for active and passive remove sensing of ice cloud properties. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., 47, 2311-2330. View

Hong, G., P. Yang, B. A. Baum, and A. J. Heymsfield, 2008: Relationship between ice water content and equivalent radar reflectivity for clouds consisting of nonspherical ice particles, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20205, doi:10.1029/2008JD009890. View

2007

Riedi, J., B. Marchant, S. Platnick, B. A. Baum, F. Thieuleux, C. Oudard, P. Dubuisson, F. Parol, J-M. Nicolas: Cloud thermodynamic phase from MODIS and POLDER. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 14103-14137, 2007.

Hong, G., P. Yang, B.-C. Gao, B. A. Baum, Y.-X. Hu, M. D. King, and S. Platnick: High cloud properties from three years of MODIS Terra and Aqua Collection 004 data over the Tropics. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., Vol. 46, 1840-1856. View

Naud, C. M., B. A. Baum, M. Pavolonis, A. Heidinger, R. Frey, and H. Zhang, 2007: Comparison of MISR and MODIS cloud top heights in the presence of cloud overlap. Remote Sensing of the Environment, Vol. 107, 200-210. MISR special issue. View

Niu, J., P. Yang, H. L. Huang, J. E. Davies, J. Li, B. A. Baum, and Y. X. Hu, 2007: A fast infrared radiative transfer model for overlapping clouds. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiant. Transfer, Vol. 103, 447-459. View

Zhang, Z., P. Yang, G. Kattawar, H.-L. Huang, T. Greenwald, J. Li, B. A. Baum, D. K. Zhou, and Y. X. Hu, 2007: A fast infrared radiative transfer model based on the adding-doubling method for hyperspectral remote sensing applications. J. Quant. Spectros. Rad. Transfer, Vol. 105, 243-263. View

Baum, B. A., P. Yang, S. L. Nasiri, A. K. Heidinger, A. J. Heymsfield, and J. Li, 2007: Bulk scattering properties for the remote sensing of ice clouds. Part 3: High resolution spectral models from 100 to 3250 cm^-1. J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., Vol. 46, 423-434. View

Hong, G., P. Yang, H.-L. Huang, B. A. Baum, Y.-X. Hu, and S. Platnick, 2007: The sensitivity of ice cloud optical and microphysical passive satellite retrievals to cloud geometrical thickness. In press, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., Vol. 45, 1315-1323. View

Heidinger, A. K., A. T. Evan, and B. A. Baum, 2007: Cloudiness, State of the Climate in 2006, Horivtz, A., ed., Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 88 (6), pp. S17-S18.

Yang, P., L. Zhang, G. Hong, S. L. Nasiri, B. A. Baum, H.L. Huang, M. D. King, and S. Platnick: Differences between Collection 4 and 5 MODIS ice cloud optical/microphysical products and their impact on radiative forcing simulations. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., Vol. 45, No. 9, 2886-2899. View

Schreiner, A. J., S. A. Ackerman, B. A. Baum, and A. K. Heidinger, 2007: A multispectral technique for detecting low level cloudiness. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 1800-1810. View

2006 (transition to SSEC/UW-Madison)

Lee, Y. K., P. Yang, Y. X. Hu, B. A. Baum, N. G. Loeb, and B.-C. Gao, 2006: Potential nighttime contamination of CERES clear-sky fields of view by optically thin cirrus during the CRYSTAL-FACE campaign. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D09203, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006372. View

Lee, J., P. Yang, A. Dessler, B. A. Baum, and S. Platnick, 2006: The influence of thermodynamic phase on the retrieval of mixed-phase cloud microphysical and optical properties in the visible and near infrared region. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 3, 287-291. View

Baum, B.A. and S. Platnick, 2006: Introduction to MODIS cloud products. Book chapter in Earth Science Satellite Remote Sensing, Vol. 1: Science and instruments. Edited by J. J. Qu, W. Gao, M. Kafatos, R. E. Murphy, and V. V. Salomonson, Co-published by Tsinghua University Press (Beijing) and Springer-Verlag (Berlin), 74-91.

2005

Yang, P., H. Wei, H. L Huang, B. A. Baum, Y. X. Hu, M. I. Mishchenko, and Q. Fu, 2005: Scattering and absorption property database of various nonspherical ice particles in the infrared and far-infrared spectral region. Appl. Opt., 44, 5512-5523. View

Naud, C. M., J. P. Muller, E. E. Clothiaux, B. A. Baum, and W. P. Menzel, 2005: Intercomparison of multiple years of MODIS, MISR, and radar cloud-top heights. Annales Geophysicae,Vol. 23 (7), 2415-2424. View

Baum, B. A., A. J. Heymsfield, P. Yang, and S. T. Bedka, 2005: Bulk scattering models for the remote sensing of ice clouds. Part 1: Microphysical data and models. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 1885-1895. View

Baum, B. A., P. Yang, A. J. Heymsfield, S. Platnick, M. D. King, Y.-X. Hu, and S. T. Bedka, 2005: Bulk scattering models for the remote sensing of ice clouds. Part 2: Narrowband models. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 1896-1911. View

2004

Nasiri, S. L. and B. A. Baum, 2004: Daytime multilayered cloud detection using multispectral imager data. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 21, 1145-1155. View

Yang, P., Z. Zhang, and B. A. Baum, 2004: A new look at anomalous diffraction theory (ADT): Algorithm in cumulative projected-area distribution domain and modified ADT. J. Quant. Spectros. Rad. Transfer., 89, 421-442. View

Wei, H., P. Yang, J. Li, B. A. Baum, A. Huang, S. E. Platnick, Y-X. Hu, and L. Strow, 2004: Retrieval of semitransparent ice cloud optical thickness from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measurements. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42, 2254-2267. View

Huang, H.-L, P. Yang, H.-L. Wei, B. A. Baum, Y.-X. Hu, P. Antonelli, S. A. Ackerman, 2004: Retrieval of ice cloud properties from high spectral resolution infrared observations. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42, 842-853. View

Zhang, Z., P. Yang, G. W. Kattawar, S.-C. Tsay, B. A. Baum, Y. X. Hu, A. J. Heymsfield, and J. Reichardt, 2004: Geometric optics solution for the scattering properties of droxtal ice crystals. Appl. Opt., 43, 2490-2499. View

2003

Baum, B. A., R. A. Frey, G. G. Mace, M. K. Harkey, and P. Yang, 2003: Nighttime multilayered cloud detection using MODIS and ARM data. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 905-919. View

Yang, P., B. A. Baum, A. J. Heymsfield, Y.-X. Hu, H.-L. Huang, S.-C. Tsay, and S. A. Ackerman, 2003: Single scattering properties of droxtals. J. Quant. Spectros. Rad. Transfer, 79-80, 1159-1169. View

Yang, P., H.-L. Wei, B. A. Baum, H.-L. Huang, A. J. Heymsfield, Y. X. Hu, B.-C. Gao, and D. D. Turner, 2003. The spectral signature of mixed-phase clouds composed of nonspherical ice crystals and spherical liquid droplets in the terrestrial window region. J. Quant. Spectros. Rad. Transfer, 79-80, 1171-1188. View

Turner, D. D., S. A. Ackerman, B. A. Baum, H. E. Revercomb, and P. Yang, 2003: Cloud phase determination using ground-based AERI observations at SHEBA. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 701-715. View

Heymsfield, A. J., S. Matrosov, and B. A. Baum, 2003: Ice water path-optical depth relationships for cirrus and deep stratiform ice cloud layers. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 1369-1390. View

Lee, Y.K., P. Yang, M. I. Mishchenko, B. A. Baum, Y. X. Hu, H.-L. Huang, W. J. Wiscombe, and A. J. Baran, 2003: On the use of circular cylinders as surrogates for hexagonal pristine ice crystals in scattering calculations at infrared wavelengths. Appl. Opt., 42, 2653-2664. View

Yang, P., M. G. Mlynczak, H.-L. Wei, D. P. Kratz, B. A. Baum, Y.-X. Hu, M. I. Mishchenko, 2003: Spectral signature of cirrus clouds in the far-infrared region: Single-scattering calculations and radiative sensitivity study. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D18), 4569, doi: 10.1029/2002JD003291. View

Guo, G., P. Yang, Y. X. Hu, D. Winker, C. A. Hostetler, B. A. Baum, and J. Reichardt, 2003: Manifestations of interference fluctuations of phase functions and backscattering cross sections for ice crystals with specific orientations. J. Opt A: Pure Appl. Opt., 5, 520-527. View

Platnick, S., M. D. King, S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel, B. A. Baum, J. C. Riedi, and R. A. Frey, 2003: The MODIS cloud products: Algorithms and examples from Terra. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41, 459-473. View

Yang, P., Y.-X. Hu, D. M. Winker, J. Zhao, C. A. Hostetler, L. Poole, B. A. Baum, M. I. Mishchenko, and J. Reichardt, 2003: Enhanced lidar backscattering by horizontally oriented ice crystal plates in cirrus clouds. J. Quant. Spectros. Rad. Transfer, 79-80, 1139-1157. View

Yang, P., H. Wei, G. W. Kattawar, Y.-X. Hu, D. M. Winker, C. A. Hostetler, and B. A. Baum, 2003: The sensitivity of backscattering Mueller matrix contours to particle shape and particle thermodynamic phase. Appl. Opt., 42, 4389-4395. View

2002

Nasiri, S. L., B. A. Baum, A. J. Heymsfield, P. Yang, M. R. Poellot, D. P. Kratz, and Y. Hu, 2002: The Development of Midlatitude Cirrus Models for MODIS Using FIRE-I, FIRE-II, and ARM In-Situ Data. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 197-217. View

Yang, P., B.-C. Gao, W. J. Wiscombe, M. I. Mischenko, S. Platnick, H.-L. Huang, B. A. Baum, Y. X. Hu, D. M. Winker, S.-C. Tsay, S. K. Park, 2002: Inherent and apparent scattering properties of coated or uncoated spheres embedded in an absorbing host medium. Appl. Opt. 41, 2740-2759. View

Key, J. R., P. Yang, B. A. Baum, and S. L. Nasiri, 2002: Parameterization of shortwave ice cloud optical properties for various particle habits. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D13), 10.1029/2001JD000742. View

Yang, P. and B. A. Baum, 2002: Satellite remote sensing of cloud properties. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, edited by J. Holton, J. A. Curry, and J. Pyle.

2001

Yang, P., B.-C. Gao, B. A. Baum, W. Wiscombe, M. I. Mischenko, D. M. Winker, and S. L. Nasiri, 2001: Asymptotic solutions of optical properties of large particles with strong absorption. Applied Optics, 40, 1532-1547. View

Yang, P., B.-C. Gao, B. A. Baum, Y. X. Hu, W. J. Wiscombe, S.-C. Tsay, and D. M. Winker, 2001: Radiative properties of cirrus clouds in the infrared (8-13 microns). J. Quant. Spectros. Rad. Transfer, 70, 473-504. View

Hu, Y., D. Winker, P. Yang, B. A. Baum, L. Poole, and L. Vann, 2001: Identification of cloud phase from PICASSO-CENA lidar depolarization: A multiple scattering sensitivity study. J. Quant. Spectros. Rad. Transfer, 70, 569-579. View

Yang, P., B.-C. Gao, B. A. Baum, W. Wiscombe, Y. Hu, S. L. Nasiri, A. Heymsfield, G. McFarquhar, and L. Miloshevich, 2001: Sensitivity of cirrus bidirectional reflectance in MODIS bands to vertical inhomogeneity of ice crystal habits and size distributions. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17267-17291. View

2000

Cahoon, D.R., B. J. Stocks, M. E. Alexander, B. A. Baum, and J. G. Goldammer, 2000: Wildland fire detection from space: theory and application, Biomass Burning and its Inter-Relationships with the Climate System, Advances in Global Change Research series, J. L. Innes, M. M. Verstraete, and M. Beniston (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands and Boston, MA, 151-169. View

Baum, B. A., D. P. Kratz, P. Yang, S.C. Ou, Y. Hu, P. F. Soulen, and S.C. Tsay, 2000a: Remote sensing of cloud properties using MODIS Airborne Simulator imagery during SUCCESS. I. Data and models. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11,767-11,780. View

Baum, B. A., P. F. Soulen, K. I. Strabala, M. D. King, S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel, and P. Yang, 2000b: Remote sensing of cloud properties using MODIS Airborne Simulator imagery during SUCCESS. II. Cloud thermodynamic phase. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11,781-11,792. View

Baum, B. A. and J. D. Spinhirne, 2000: Remote sensing of cloud properties using MODIS Airborne Simulator imagery during SUCCESS. III. Cloud overlap. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11,793-11,804. View

pre-2000

1999

Olson, J. R., B. A. Baum, D. R. Cahoon, and J. Crawford, 1999: The frequency and distribution of forest, savanna, and crop fires over tropical regions during PEM-Tropics A. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5865-5876. View

Berendes, T. A., K. S. Kuo, R. M. Welch, B. A. Baum, A. Pretre, A. M. Logar, E. M. Corwin, and R. C. Weger, 1999: A comparison of paired-histogram, maximum likelihood and neural network approaches for daylight global cloud classification using AVHRR imagery. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6199-6213.

Baum, B. A. and Q. Trepte, 1999: A grouped threshold method for discrimination of smoke, fire, and snow from clouds in daytime AVHRR data. J. Atmos. Ocea. Tech., 16, 793-800. View

Frey, R. A., B. A. Baum, W. P. Menzel, S. A. Ackerman, C. C. Moeller, and J. D. Spinhirne, 1999: Validation of CO2-slicing cloud heights computed from MAS radiance data during SUCCESS. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24,547-24,555. View

1998

Wielicki, B. A., B. R. Barkstrom, B. A. Baum, T. P. Charlock, R. N. Green, D. P. Kratz, R. B. Lee, P. Minnis, G. L. Smith, T. Wong, D. F. Young, and the CERES Science Team, 1998: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES): Algorithm overview. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 36,1127-1141.

Rinsland, C.P., M. R. Gunson, P. Wang, R. F. Arduini, B. A. Baum, P. Minnis, A. Goldman, M. C. Abrams, R. Zander, E. Mahieu, R. J. Salawitch, H. A. Michelsen, F. W. Irion, and M. J. Newchurch, 1998: ATMOS/ATLAS 3 infrared profile measurements of clouds in the Tropical and subtropical upper troposphere. J. Quant. Spectros. Rad. Transfer, 60, 903-919.

Rinsland, C.P., M. R. Gunson, P. Wang, R. F. Arduini, B. A. Baum, P. Minnis, A. Goldman, M. C. Abrams, R. Zander, E. Mahieu, R. J. Salawitch, H. A. Michelsen, F. W. Irion, and M. J. Newchurch, 1998: ATMOS/ATLAS 3 infrared profile measurements of trace gases in the November 1994 Tropical and subtropical upper troposphere. J. Quant. Spectros. Rad. Transfer, 60, 891-902.

1997

Baum, B. A., V. Tovinkere, J. Titlow, and R. M. Welch, 1997: Automated cloud classification of global AVHRR data using a fuzzy logic approach. J. Appl. Meteor. 36, 1519-1540. View

1996

Ou, S. C., K.N. Liou, and B. A. Baum, 1996: Detection of multilayer cirrus cloud systems using AVHRR data: Verification based on FIRE-II IFO composite measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, No. 2, 178-191. View

1995

Baum, B. A., T. Uttal, M. Poellot, T. P. Ackerman, J. M. Alvarez, J. Intrieri, D. O'C. Starr, J. Titlow, V. Tovinkere, and E. Clothiaux, 1995: Satellite remote sensing of multiple cloud layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, No. 23, 4210-4230. View

Ou, S. C., K. N. Liou, Y. Takano, N. X. Rao, Q. Fu, A. J. Heymsfield, L. M. Miloshevich, B. A. Baum, and S. A. Kinne, 1995: Remote sounding of cirrus cloud optical depths and ice crystal sizes from AVHRR data: Verification using FIRE-II IFO Measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, No. 23, 4143-4158. View

Baum, B. A., R. M. Welch, P. Minnis, L. L. Stowe, J. A. Coakley, Jr., and co-authors, 1995: Imager clear-sky determination and cloud detection (Subsystem 4.1). "Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Volume III: Cloud Analyses and Radiance Inversions (Subsystem 4)", NASA RP 1376 Vol. 3, edited by CERES Science Team, 43-82.

Baum, B. A., P. Minnis, J. A. Coakley, Jr., B. A. Wielicki, and co-authors, 1995: Imager cloud height determination (Subsystem 4.2). "Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Volume III: Cloud Analyses and Radiance Inversions (Subsystem 4)", NASA RP 1376 Vol. 3, edited by CERES Science Team, 83-134.

1994

Baum, B. A. and B. A. Wielicki, 1994: Cirrus cloud retrieval using infrared sounding data: Multilevel cloud errors. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, No. 1, 107-117. View

Baum, B. A., R. F. Arduini, B. A. Wielicki, P. Minnis, S-C. Tsay, 1994: Multilevel cloud retrieval using multispectral HIRS and AVHRR data: Nighttime oceanic analysis. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5499-5514. View    Corrections (unfortunately, the paper was published before the editing process was complete)

1993

Baum, B. A. and B. R. Barkstrom, 1993: Design and implementation of a prototype data system for Earth radiation budget, cloud, aerosol, and chemistry data. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 591-598.

1992

Baum, B. A., B. A. Wielicki, P. Minnis, and L. Parker, 1992: Cloud property retrieval using merged HIRS and AVHRR data. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, No. 4, 351-369. View

Research performed prior to joining NASA Langley

Chameides, W. L., D. D. Davis, J. H. Bradshaw, S. Sandholm, M. Rodgers, B. A. Baum, B. Ridley, S. Madronich, M. A. Carroll, G. Gregory, H. I. Schiff, D. R. Hastie, A. Torres, and E. Condon, 1990: Observed and model-calculated NO2/NO ratios in tropospheric air sampled during the NASA GTE/CITE-2 field study. J. Geophys. Res., 95, No. D7, 10,235-10, 247.

Baum, B. A., W. B. Krantz, J. H. Fink, and R. E. Dickinson, 1989: Taylor instability in rhyolite lava flows. J. Geophys. Res., 94, No. B5, 5815-5828.

Baum, B.A., 1985: Nonuniform shear flow effects on Taylor instability: Application to rhyolitic lava flows. NCAR Cooperative Thesis No. 92, University of Colorado and National Center for Atmospheric Research, 123 pp.

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