McIDAS User's Guide
Version 2014.1

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GRDDISP

Generates contours, streamlines or plots from grid data.


Format

GRDDISP dataset frame [keywords]


Parameters

dataset

ADDE dataset name and absolute position; specify one of the following formats:

 

 

group/descriptor.position

alias.position

 

only positive integers or ALL (all positions) are valid for position; when a grid matching the conditions specified in the search keywords is found, the search stops (no default for group/descriptor or alias; default=ALL for position)

frame

frame number to display the output; specify OPP to display the output on the frame opposite the current frame (default=current)


Search Keywords

DAY=

displays grids with the specified day

ENSemble=

e1 . . en

displays grids with the specified ensemble numbers; each ensemble number must include a + or - sign, e.g., -1 -0 +0 +1

FDAy=

displays grids with the specified forecast day; a grid's forecast day is determined by adding the forecast hour to the day and time; for example, a 12 UTC grid from day 95300 with a forecast hour of 72 has a forecast day of 95303; you cannot use FDAY with the FHOUR, FRANGE or MATH keyword

FHOur=

h1 . . hn

displays grids with the specified forecast hours; use with the keyword GRA to display the h1 grid in the first frame, h2 grid in the second frame, etc.; you cannot use FHOUR with the FRANGE, FDAY or FTIME keyword

FRANge=

bhr ehr inc

displays grids in the range of forecast hours bhr through ehr, incremented by inc hours; use with the keyword GRA to display the grids in forecast hour order (bhr to ehr); you cannot use FRANGE with the FHOUR, FDAY or FTIME keyword (no default for bhr; ehr default=bhr; inc default=1)

FTIme=

displays grids with the specified forecast time; a grid's forecast time is determined by adding the forecast hour to the time; for example, a 12 UTC grid with a forecast hour of 18 has a forecast time of 6 on the following day; you cannot use FTIME with the FHOUR, FRANGE or MATH keyword

GPRo=

displays grids with the specified projection, for example, MERC, PS, LAMB, EQUI

GRIB=

geo par model level

displays grids with the specified GRIB codes; the four values are the geographic, parameter, model and level codes that can be listed with GRDLIST FORM=ALL; values specified as an X (a placeholder) or not specified at all will match any GRIB code

GRId=

displays the specified grid or last grid (LAST) in the grid file specified in the dataset position number; when using this keyword, the default position value in dataset (ALL) is not valid and all other search keywords (PARAM, LEV, DAY, etc.) are ignored

LEV=

lev[units]

displays grids with the specified level and units, e.g., SFC, 850[MB], 5000[M]; units are optional but must be in square brackets if specified

PARam=

param

displays grids with the specified grid parameter, for example, T, Z, RH; see the Remarks

 

MOVIE

draws streamlines with colored line segments that can be animated using the CM command

 

STREAML

draws streamlines using u- and v-component grids

 

WINDB

plots wind barbs using u- and v-component grids

 

WINDV

plots wind vectors using u- and v-component grids

SRC=

s1 . . sn

displays grids with the specified sources, for example, MDX, GFS, ETA

TIMe=

displays grids with the specified time


Multiple Contour/Plot Keywords

GRA=

bfra efra

generates contours or plots for the grids matching the criteria defined with search keywords in frames bfra through efra; the grids are displayed by forecast hour in the order specified with the FHOUR keyword or sequentially from the range bhr to ehr in FRANGE; you cannot specify both GRA and NUM (bfra default=current; efra default=bfra)

NUM=

number of grids matching the criteria defined with the search keywords to contour or plot, beginning on the current frame; the grids are not sorted, they are displayed in the order they are found in the grid files; you must specify FHOUR or FRANGE with NUM; you cannot specify both NUM and GRA


Derived Grid Keywords

DERive=

displays a derived grid of the specified parameter, for example, DST or VOR; searches for the component grids using the search keywords; do not use with the PARAM keyword; see the Remarks

MERidional=

YES

adds a correction term to account for the convergence of longitude lines at the poles

 

NO

does not add a correction term; only valid with DERIVE=ABV, DSH, DST, DVG, or VOR; see the Remarks (default)

PLAnet=

planet for which derive calculations are done; valid options are MERCURY, VENUS, EARTH, MARS, JUPITER, SATURN, NEPTUNE, URANUS (default=EARTH)


Mathematical Operations Keywords

Gn=

'clause1; clause2; . .; clausen'

grids to be used with the MATH keyword; separate select clauses with semicolons; single quotes are mandatory; specify clause using the following format:

searchkeyword value

valid options for searchkeyword are DAY, FHOUR, GPRO, GRID, LEV, PARAM, SRC, TIME; you can specify numbers between 1 and 99 in the keyword name (G1, G2, . . , G99); see the Remarks

MATh=

'expression'

mathematical operation to perform on the grids specified with the Gn keywords; single quotes are mandatory; see the Remarks

NEWpar=

param  punit  level  lunit

title information for the plot or contour displayed when the MATH keyword is used

 

 

param

grid parameter; four characters maximum (default=MATH)

 

 

punit

units of grid parameter; four characters maximum (default=NONE)

 

 

level

grid level (default=from grid)

 

 

lunit

units of grid level; two characters maximum (default=from grid)


Navigation Keywords

LAT=

lat1 lat2

latitudes of the points at the lower-right and upper-left corners of the map; you cannot use LAT with the NAV or MAP keyword

LON=

lon1 lon2

longitudes of the points at the lower-right and upper-left corners of the map; you cannot use LON with the NAV or MAP keyword

MAP=

map for the contour or plot; see the MAP command for a list of valid predefined maps, for example, MID, USA, WORL; you cannot use MAP with the NAV, LAT or LON keyword (default=grid extents)

MCOlor=

graphics color level of map (default = 1)

NAV=

draw the contour or plot using the navigation of the specified frame; no map is drawn; you cannot use NAV with the MAP, LAT or LON keyword

 

num

frame number to use for navigation

 

C

use the current frame's navigation

 

F

use the navigation of the frame where the contour or plot is drawn

PRO=

CONF

polar stereographic or Lambert conformal projection

 

MERC

Mercator projection (default=grid's projection)

SLAt=

lat1 lat2

standard latitudes for a CONF projection; two values for a general Lambert conformal projection; one value for a polar stereographic projection (default=from grid header when the LAT and LON, or MAP keywords are not used; 60 60 for northern hemisphere maps defined with the LAT and LON, or MAP keywords; -60 -60 for southern hemisphere maps defined with the LAT and LON, or MAP keywords)

SLOn=

standard longitude for a CONF projection (default=computed)


Contour and Plot Keywords

COLor=

graphics color level (default=2 for contour, 3 for plot); when plotting data (with OUT=PLOT or PAR=WINDB or PAR=WINDV), the value can be specified as a single number, e.g., COLOR=5, or in the format color[min-maxBinc] to assign multiple colors for the parameter, based on its values; see the Remarks for details

ELE=

bele eele

beginning and ending frame elements for output; specify MAX for maximum element number (default=1 MAX when using the NAV keyword; default=20 MAX-20 when using the MAP keyword)

FORMAT=

designator 'text'

output format for grid point values or contour labels, and associated text; valid formats are I, F, or E; if multiple parameters are requested, FORMAT cannot be specified; see the Remarks (designator default=from dataset; no text default)

LINE=

blin elin

beginning and ending frame lines for output; specify MAX for maximum line number (default=1 MAX-57 when using the NAV keyword; default=20 MAX-57 when using the MAP keyword)

LSIze=

height, in pixels, of the plot characters or contour labels; the range is 0-50 where 0 omits the labels (default=8)

OUT=

CON

draws contours using the grid data (default)

 

PLOT

plots the grid points

POWer=

power of 10 to multiply the grid point values by for display (default=0)

TDAy=

CAL

display calendar day on the default title; not valid if the ELE, LINE or PAN keyword is used

 

JUL

display the Julian day on the default title (default)

TITLE=

'text' col line ele size

text, color, location and size for the contour or plot title

 

 

'text'

72 characters maximum; specify X without quotes for the default title (default=computed)

 

 

col

graphics color level of the title (default=1 if PARAM=MOVIE, otherwise default=value from the COLOR keyword)

 

 

line

beginning TV line to write the title (default=below contour or plot)

 

 

ele

beginning TV element to write the title (default=below contour or plot)

 

 

size

height of the title text in pixels (default=8)

UNIt=

units for the contour or plot; see the Remarks (default=from the grid header)


Contour-Specific Keywords

CINt=

num

contour interval; specify 0 to let GRDDISP compute a reasonable interval; specify your own interval as an integer or decimal value greater than zero; see the Remarks for the default value

 

string

contour values; specify a string name that contains up to 64 values; e.g., CINT=SNOWDEPTH will draw contours at the values specified in the string named SNOWDEPTH

DASh=

ALL

dash all contours

 

NEG

dash negative contours only

 

POS

dash positive contours only

 

(default=solid contours)

LINT=

contour label interval (default=1, meaning label every contour)

MOVie=

bcol ecol bspd espd blen elen

change the defaults for the PARAM=MOVIE output

 

 

bcol

beginning graphics color level for line segments (default=2)

 

 

ecol

ending graphics color level for line segments (default=maximum color level)

 

 

bspd

beginning wind speed represented by blen, units are from the grid data (default=computed)

 

 

espd

ending wind speed represented by elen, units are from the grid data (default=computed)

 

 

blen

beginning length of line segments (default=2)

 

 

elen

ending length of line segments (default=40)

SMOoth=

contour smoothing factor; the range is 0 through 50; larger numbers produce smoother contours; not valid with PARAM=MOVIE or PARAM=STREAML (default=20)


Plot-Specific Keyword

PINt=

row col

row and column intervals of grid points to plot with OUT=PLOT, PARAM=WINDB or PARAM=WINDV; for example, PINT=4 3 plots every fourth grid point in the row direction and every third grid point in the column direction (row default=1; col default=row)


Output Keywords

BYTecount=

YES

lists the number of bytes received from the server

 

NO

does not list the number of bytes (default)

SUBsect=

slat nlat elon wlon incrow inccol

geographic region to subsect from the source grid, and row and column reduction intervals to use within the subsect region; see the Remarks

 

slat, nlat

southern and northern latitudes of the subsect region

 

elon, wlon

eastern and western longitudes of the subsect region (slat, nlat, elon, wlon defaults=region slightly larger than that defined by the frame navigation or map specified with MAP or LAT and LON keywords; if NAV=F is specified, the grid is not subsected)

 

incrow, inccol

row and column reduction intervals; 1 means use every row/column of grid points in the subsect region, 2 means use every other row/column, etc.; when subsecting a conformal projection grid, the incrow and inccol values must be the same (default=1 for both)

 

Note: If the source grid is a McIDAS grid, you can subsect it by row and column instead of latitude and longitude. To do so, specify row and column numbers instead of latitudes and longitudes in the first four parameters, and specify ROWCOL as the seventh parameter. For example, SUBSECT=10 40 80 160 1 2 ROWCOL uses rows 10, 11, 12, ..., 40 and columns 80, 82, 84, ..., 160 for the subsect region. (If you don't include the ROWCOL at the end, it will treat 10 and 40 as latitudes, and 80 and 160 as longitudes.)


Remarks

Individual grids are stored in grid files. Each dataset position points to a single grid file. If you know which grid file contains the grid you want to display, specify its position in the dataset parameter to reduce the searching time.

The GRDDISP command draws contours or streamlines, or plots data from the first grid or set of grids that matches the conditions specified with the search keywords. If you don't specify any search keywords, GRDDISP displays the first grid in the dataset. If, for example, you specify PARAM=T LEV=850 TIME=12 SRC=ETA, GRIDDISP displays the first grid with T in its parameter field, 850 in its level field, 12 in its time field, and ETA in its source field. To choose the exact grid you want, you may need to specify several search keywords.

Use the keyword FHOUR or FRANGE with GRA or NUM to generate a contour or plot using more than one grid with a single GRDDISP command. The keyword GRA displays the grids in the order entered with FHOUR or sequentially from the range bhr to ehr in FRANGE. For example, if you specify SRC=GFS TIME=12 PARAM=Z LEV=500 FHOUR=0 36 24 60 GRA=11 14, the 12 UTC GFS 500 mb height grids with forecast hours 0, 36, 24 and 60 are displayed in frames 11, 12, 13 and 14.

The default contour interval for a grid is taken from the text file CONTOUR.DEF. If no file entry matches the grid's parameter, units and level, the default is calculated to produce a reasonable number of contours, usually between 10 and 20. To change, add or delete entries in CONTOUR.DEF, first back up the current version, then modify it using the format described near the top of the file.

If you specify PARAM=MOVIE, STREAML, WINDB or WINDV, GRDDISP does not search for a grid with that parameter. Instead, it locates the first u-component grid that matches the other search keywords, then it locates the matching v-component grid and uses those grids to contour streamlines, plot wind barbs, or plot wind vectors. In all other cases, the value entered in the keyword PARAM is the value searched for in the grid's parameter field.

When plotting data (with OUT=PLOT or PAR=WINDB or PAR=WINDV), you can assign output plot color based on the parameter's values by using the COLOR keyword format color[min-maxBinc], where color is the beginning graphics color level, min and max indicate the range of parameter values to color-code, and inc is the increment (the dash means "to" and the B means "by"). For example, when plotting integer values, COLOR=2[30-59B10] plots values 30-39 in level 2, values 40-49 in level 3, and values 50-59 in level 4. Values less than 30 are in level 1, and values greater than 59 are in level 5. When plotting floating point values (e.g., FORMAT=F5.2), COLOR=2[30-59.99B10] plots values 30.00-39.99 in level 2, values 40.00-49.99 in level 3, and values 50.00-59.99 in level 4. Values less than 30.00 are in level 1, and values greater than 59.99 are in level 5. Also, when plotting color-coded wind barbs (PAR=WINDB), the units of the 'min' and 'max' values are knots, even if you specify UNIT=MPS.

Use the SUBSECT keyword to analyze a portion of the original grid. The analysis can be performed slightly faster because there is less data to transfer and analyze.

Wind barb symbols use triangular flags, and long and short lines, or barbs, to represent wind speed. For example, the wind barb shown here represents a wind speed of 75 knots or 37.5 meters/second.

When using the UNIT keyword, you can specify the following units:

Unit type UNIT= Definition
Distance CM centimeters
DM decameters
FT feet
GPM geopotential meters
IN inches
KM kilometers
M meters
MI miles
MM millimeters
NMI nautical miles
YD yards
Pressure HPA hectopascals
INHG inches of mercury
MB millibars
Speed KT or KTS knots
MPH miles per hour
MPS meters per second
Temperature C Celsius
F Fahrenheit
K Kelvin

Use the DERIVE keyword to display grids of a variety of common meteorological parameters. The valid options are defined in the table below. In these equations, the following variables appear often:

u = u-component of the wind

v = v-component of the wind

x = grid point distance in the east-west direction

y = grid point distance in the north-south direction

 

DERIVE= Description Equation
ABV absolute vorticity
 f =coriolis parameter: 2ΩsinΦ (see COR)
BETA beta parameter  
f =coriolis parameter: 2ΩsinΦ (see COR)
Ω=angular speed of the rotation of the planet (7.292 × 10-5 radians/second for Earth)
Φ=latitude in degrees
a=radius of the planet
COR coriolis parameter 2ΩsinΦ
Ω=angular speed of the rotation of the planet (7.292 × 10-5 radians/second for Earth)
Φ=latitude in degrees
DIR wind direction atan2(-u,-v)
DSH shearing deformation  
DST stretching deformation  
DVG divergence  
SPD wind speed  
TD dew point temperature  
T =temperature in Kelvin
RH =relative humidity
Rv=moist gas constant: 461.5 Joules per kilogram per degree Kelvin
VOR relative vorticity  

Use the MERIDIONAL keyword to correct for the convergence of longitude lines at the poles. When deriving divergence and stretching deformation grids (DVG and DST), specify MERIDIONAL=YES to subtract the following correction term from the calculation.

 

When deriving vorticity, absolute vorticity, or shear deformation grids (VOR, ABV, or DSH), specify MERIDIONAL=YES to add the following correction term to the calculation.

 

For both the correction terms above:

u = u-component of the wind

v = v-component of the wind

Φ = latitude in degrees

r = radius, in kilometers, of the planet at Φ latitude

The MERIDIONAL keyword has no effect with other DERIVE keyword options.

Use the Gn keywords to specify the grids to be used with the MATH keyword. Each Gn keyword specifies a single grid. Gn is followed by a list of select clauses in single quotes. By default, subsequent Gn keywords have the same select clauses, unless specified differently. For example, to request 850 and 1000 mb height grids from the 0:00 UTC GFS run, specify

G1='LEV 850;PARAM Z;TIME 0;SRC GFS' G2='LEV 1000'

The MATH keyword defines the operation to perform on the specified grids, for example, MATH='G1**(SQRT(G2))'. The table below shows the operations available with the MATH keyword.

MATH= option Function
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
** power
SQRT square root
EXP exponential (the number e raised to a power)
LOG natural logarithm
LOG10 base 10 logarithm
SIN sine
COS cosine
TAN tangent
ASIN arcsine
ACOS arccosine
ATAN arctangent
ABS absolute value
MIN minimum of two grids
MAX maximum of two grids
DDX derivative with respect to x
DDY derivative with respect to y
DELSQ laplacian
COR coriolis parameter (2ΩsinΦ)
BETA beta parameter
LAT creates a grid of latitude
LON creates a grid of longitude

When specifying powers of ten, such as 102 or 10-3 in the MATH keyword, use one of the two methods shown in the examples below.

MATH='2*7.292*(1e-5)*(SIN(G1))'

MATH='2*7.292*(10**(-5))*(SIN(G1))'

In these entries both 1e-5 and 10**(-5) represent 10-5. You must include the parentheses with 10**(-5); 10**-5 will not be interpreted correctly.

When using the MATH keyword and the range of output data values is larger than five orders of magnitude, the output grid is scaled based on the maximum end of the range. This means that small data values may be replaced by zeros in the output grid.

Use the FORMAT keyword options below to format output based on FORTRAN designators for data output. To add text to the numeric output, follow the designator with a text in single quotes.

Designator Description
I integer
F floating point
E exponential

To specify a parameter's output format, use a designator followed by a positive number. For example, I4 specifies an integer of up to four digits; F10.1 specifies a floating point decimal of up to 10 digits (including the decimal point) with one digit to the right of the decimal; E10.3 specifies an exponential number of up to 10 characters (including the decimal point and the four-character exponential flag) with three digits to the right of the decimal. Specify an X to use the parameter's default format. If the specified integer or floating point format is too small for the parameter's values, a series of asterisks (***) is displayed.


Examples

GRDDISP G/LOCAL

This entry draws a contour using the first grid in the first grid file in dataset G/LOCAL. The map and contours cover the grid's entire domain. The contour interval is taken from the text file CONTOUR.DEF if it has an entry that matches the grid's parameter, units and level. If CONTOUR.DEF does not have a matching entry, GRDDISP calculates the contour interval.

GRDDISP G/LOCAL.9 GRID=5 OUT=PLOT PINT=1 3 NAV=C

This entry plots grid point values from grid 5 in the grid file in position 9 of dataset G/LOCAL. Every grid point in the row direction and every third grid point in the column direction is plotted using the navigation of the current frame.

GRDDISP NMC/ETA LEV=1000 PARAM=WINDV DAY=#Y TIME=0 FDAY=#Y FTIME=18 MAP=MID PRO=MERC TITLE='ETA 1000 mb wind vectors, valid at 18 UTC today'

This entry plots the 1000 mb wind vector forecast valid at 18 UTC today over the Midwest. The vectors are created using the u- and v-component grids from today's 00 UTC model run in dataset NMC/ETA. The default title below the plot is replaced with the text ETA 1000 mb wind vectors, valid at 18 UTC today.

GRDDISP NCEP/GFS LEV=500 PARAM=Z CINT=60 FHOUR=24 LAT=-40 -40 LON=-90 90 SLAT=-40 PRO=CONF

This entry draws a contour of the 24-hour forecast 500 mb heights with an interval of 60 over the South Pole. The data is taken from the first 24-hour forecast 500 mb height grid in dataset NCEP/GFS.

GRDDISP NCEP/GFS LEV=500 PARAM=Z CINT=60 DAY=#Y TIME=12 FRANGE=0 120 24 GRA=1 6

This entry draws a contour of the 0-, 24-, 48-, 72-, 96- and 120-hour forecast 500 mb heights with an interval of 60. The contours are displayed over a map of the grids' domain in frames 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The data is taken from today's 12 UTC model run grids in dataset NCEP/GFS.

GRDDISP MODEL.2 LEV=850 PARAM=T UNIT=C CINT=5 SRC=GFS DASH=NEG COLOR=5

This entry draws a contour of the first 850 mb GFS temperature grid in the grid file in position 2 of the dataset with the alias name MODEL. The map and contours cover the grid's entire domain. The contours are drawn in graphics color level 5 with an interval of 5 degrees Celsius. Negative contours are dashed.

TE SNOW "0 10 20 32 40 60
GRDDISP NMC/ETA LEV=850 PARAM=T UNIT=F CINT=SNOW MAP=USA PRO=CONF

The TE command entry creates a string called SNOW containing contour values for the GRDDISP entry. The GRDDISP entry draws a contour of the first 850 mb temperature grid in dataset NMC/ETA. The map and contours cover the USA, and only the 0, 10, 20, 32, 40 and 60 degree Fahrenheit contours are drawn. Do not specify a pound sign (#) before the string name in the CINT keyword.

GRDDISP GRIDS/GFS LEVEL=SFC PARAM=T DAY=97300 FHOUR=24 MAP=USA SUBSECT=25 50 60 100

This entry draws 24-hour forecast surface temperature contours from the dataset GRIDS/GFS. A map of the United States is drawn, but the contours are drawn only for the geographic region specified in the SUBSECT keyword (25-50°N and 60-100°W). If the SUBSECT keyword was not specified, GRDDISP would subsect a region slightly larger than the map and draws contours in the entire frame.

GRDDISP GRD.8000 4 LAT=20 50 LON=75 145 PRO=CONF DERIVE=SPD LEV=500 FHOUR=48

This entry draws a 500 mb wind speed contour with a 48-hour forecast time. The component grids used to derive wind speed are the u- and v-components of the wind from position 8000 in the dataset with the alias GRD. The contour is displayed on frame 4 over a polar stereographic map between 20° and 50° latitude and 75° and 145° longitude.

GRDDISP RTGRIDS/GFS MAP=USA PRO=MERC DERIVE=VOR LEV=500 DAY=96284 TIME=12 FHOUR=12 24 36 48 GRA=1 4 DASH=NEG

This entry draws contours for a sequence of 500 mb relative vorticity grids from day 96284 at 12:00 UTC. The component grids are from dataset RTGRIDS/GFS. The 12-, 24-, 36-, and 48-hour forecast contours are displayed on frames 1, 2, 3, and 4, and displayed over the USA in a Mercator projection. All negative contours are dashed.

GRDDISP RTGRIDS/GFS PARAM=MOVIE LEV=500 DAY=#Y TIME=0 FHOUR=18 MAP=USA MOVIE=2 8
TE MOVIECOLORS "GU MAKE !1 0 !2 0
REPEAT MOVIECOLORS 2 TO 8 BY 1 0 BY 40
CM 2 8 GO=YES

The GRDDISP entry draws the 18-hour GFS forecast 500 mb streamlines with colored line segments on a map of the U.S. The TE and REPEAT entries set graphics color levels 2 to 8 to increase linearly from black (level 2) to bright green (level 8). The CM entry then circulates the graphics color levels to animate the wind flow.

GRDDISP RTGRIDS/NAM-USLC DAY=#Y TIME=12 FHOUR=12 PAR=T LEV=SFC UNIT=F MAP=USA COLOR=3[10-69B10] OUT=PLOT FORMAT=I4 PINT=2 3

This entry plots the 12-hour forecast surface temperatures over the United States from today's 12 UTC NAM model run. The temperatures are color coded: less than 10°F in graphics color level 2, 10-19°F in level 3, 20-29°F in level 4, 30-39°F in level 5, 40-49°F in level 6, 50-59°F in level 7, 60-69°F in level 8, and 70°F and greater in level 9.

GRDDISP RTGRIDS/GFS-GLME DAY=#Y TIME=0 FHOUR=24 PAR=WINDB LEV=700 UNIT=KTS MAP=NA COLOR=2[1-20B5] PINT=3 3

This entry plots the 24-hour forecast 700 mb wind barbs over North America from today's 00 UTC GFS model run. The flags are color coded by speed: less than 1 knot in graphics color level 1, 1-5 knots in level 2, 6-10 knots in level 3, 11-15 knots in level 4, 16-20 knots in level 5, and greater than 20 knots in level 6. Note that each flag symbol may appear in two different colors because the speeds are rounded to the closest five knot increment (i.e., 2.5-7.4 knot speeds are displayed as 5 knot flags, 7.5-12.4 knot speeds are displayed as 10 knot flags, 12.5-17.4 knot speeds are displayed as 15 knot flags, etc.). Thus, 5 knot flags can be in graphics color level 2 or 3, 10 knot flags can be in level 3 or 4, 15 knot flags can be in level 4 or 5, etc.

 


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